In addition, the temporal analyses of these Swiss HIV Cohort data show anal cancer cases evidenced 5.9–14–fold (p-values:≤ 0.05) higher odds of showing <350 CD4+ cells/mm3 as early as 6–7 years before diagnosis than did age-, region-, and transmission mode-matched controls, but no statistically significant higher odds related to HIV-load [39]. Here, CD4 is linked to anal carcinoma.