Finally, consistent with the earlier finding [44], we observed significant increases in PKCζ, the kinase that phosphorylates Ser-9 of GSK3β [35], at day 12 post-infection compared to uninfected control in the colonic crypts of Tlr4−/− mice suggesting (but certainly not proving) PKCζ-mediated inactivation of GSK-3β at this time point while changes in wild type mice were less significant (Fig. 3F). This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and infection.