Based on the recent findings that TLR4 antagonizes β-catenin-induced cell proliferation in the small intestine but not in the colon, we hypothesized that β-catenin and not necessarily NF-κB will dictate the colonic crypt hyperplastic response following CR infection in mice deficient for Tlr4. This hypothesis was tested in the current study. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and infection.