ENPP2 and renal carcinoma: Overexpression of ATX contributes to the pathophysiology of invasive cancers [4], [5], and ATX levels are elevated in various cancers such as melanoma, breast cancer, renal cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, neuroblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, glioblastoma multiforme, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and thyroid cancer [6].