Figure 8B may depict the scenario of high grade carcinoma which is characterized by less differentiated phenotype, worse patient prognosis, cytosolic maspin or, in certain cases, the complete loss of maspin. Under these circumstances, the hypothetical HDAC1- associated nuclear factor X may be replaced by X′, which displays stronger affinity towards HDAC1 and competes against maspin for nuclear retention [14]. Here, HDAC1 is linked to carcinoma.