Multiple proximal muscles of seven-day-old utrophin/dystrophin double knockout mice (dko mice), which typically show symptoms similar to human DMD, were effectively transduced with the gutted adenovirus bearing full-length murine dystrophin cDNA [53] However, further extraordinary improvements would be required to regulate the adenovirus-associated severe inflammation before clinical trials might be considered, since the adenovirus proteins elicit a more potent immune response in vivo compared to the AAV capsids [39]. Here, DMD is linked to Duchenne muscular dystrophy.