The first published studies reported that either the intraperitoneal administration of anti-TWEAK monoclonal antibodies 10 min before the induction of cerebral ischemia (30), or the intracerebroventricular injection of an Fn14-Fc decoy receptor immediately after (12, 13, 34) following the onset of ischemic stroke results in a ∼30 and 40% decrease in the volume of the ischemic lesion, respectively. The gene discussed is TNFRSF12A; the disease is brain ischemia.