PTH and atherosclerosis: Uremia is associated with a loss of inhibitors of calcification [35] and in addition, parathyroid hormone, acting on vascular system via PTH2 receptors [36,37], may increase atherosclerosis by stimulating vascular smooth muscle cells collagen production [33], or by increasing receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE), monocyte-macrophages cytokines and IL-6 expressions [38].