EGF and neoplasm: In addition, EGF could stimulate tumour cells to produce a variety of inflammatory factors, such as interleukin (IL)-8 (CXCL8), chemokine legend (CXCL)-12, IL-6 and IL-1, to chemo-attract tumour cells and leucocytes, such as monocytes, neutrophils, or lymphocytes, from the circulation to tumour tissues, contributing to the formation of inflammatory environment 12,13.