This βAR-mediated signal transduction mechanism not only regulates the contractile activity of the healthy heart, but it is also considered to provide critical support for the maintenance of cardiac function during the development of heart failure (Bristow et al., 1990; Bohm, 1995; Post et al., 1999; Chakraborti et al., 2000; Sethi et al., 2007; Cannavo et al., 2013a). This evidence concerns the gene ADRB2 and heart failure.