In the treatment of refractory epileptic encephalopathies, such as West syndrome, Ohtahara syndrome, Dravet syndrome, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Landau-Kleffner syndrome, epilepsy with continuous spike waves during slow-wave sleep and drug-resistant myoclonic atonic epilepsy, a significant proportion of ACTH- and steroid-treated pediatric patients were reported to be seizure-free for an extended period of time, albeit relapsed over time (Yamatogi et al., 1979; Snead et al., 1983; Donat, 1992; Engel, 2001). Here, POMC is linked to epilepsy.