Our molecular studies using a variety of techniques further indicate that MPA modulates cancer cell migration through down-regulation of a large number of genes with promigratory functions (PRKCA, DOCK1, INF2, HSPA5, LRP8 and PDGFRA) and proteins (pAKT, Src, CD147 and MMP1) as well as up-regulation of a number of genes with anti-migratory functions (ATF3, SMAD3, CITED2 and CEAMCAM1). The gene discussed is ATF3; the disease is cancer.