FGF19 and gestational diabetes: In addition, in the combined population of GDM patients and controls, those women with PCOS history had the lowest levels of FGF19 (n = 12, median: 53.97 pg/ml; interquartile range: 35.80–70.80 pg/ml), which were significantly lower than those in GDM patients without PCOS history (n = 22, median: 82.73 pg/ml; interquartile range: 57.87–95.98 pg/ml, P<0.05) and those in controls without PCOS history (n = 56, median: 116.57 pg/ml; interquartile range: 95.34–151.22 pg/ml, P<0.05, Fig. 1).