LONP1 and cancer: Interestingly, overexpression of Lon in several cancer cell lines excluding HeLa cells was recently shown to induce the production of ROS and further activate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Ras-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Ras-ERK) signaling, which are involved in providing survival advantages to the cancer cells, stress response, and adapting to the tumor microenvironment [34].