CXCL1 and alcoholic liver diseases: Sera from alcoholic patients, but not from healthy controls, were able to stimulate TLR2- and TLR4-transfected HEK293 cells to secrete CXCL1, suggesting that CXCL1 up-regulation is dependent on soluble factors found in alcoholic liver disease, and involves TLR2 and TLR4 signaling.