GFAP and concussion: We found that a) the biomarker levels were significantly higher in mTBI patients after injury; b) the levels of GFAP were highest in all subjects with intracranial bleeding on SWI, which is new finding in mTBI research; c) the total volume of WM voxels with abnormal DTI FA measures is correlated with patient’s neurocognitive status, including memory; and d) DTI FA values could both increase and decrease in the acute setting, which is also a new finding in mTBI research.