A prospective study among 215 patients with COPD included 96 recurrent exacerbators with three or more episodes of infective exacerbation over 3 years and 119 less-frequent exacerbators with two or fewer episodes or 137 healthy individuals in Taiwan demonstrated that 12 among the recurrent exacerbators had the MBL deficiency genotype compared with five among the less-frequent exacerbators 69. Here, MBL2 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.