Whether polymorphisms of the renin angiotensin system, e.g. angiotensinogen (M235T), angiotensin-converting enzyme (I/D), and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (A1166C) were associated with right ventricular hypertrophy diagnosed by electrocardiography was investigated in 87 patients with severe COPD 79. The gene discussed is ACE; the disease is Right ventricular hypertrophy.