PAX4 and infection: Ad-RFP-Neurog3 infection also induced expression of mRNA encoding PAX4 and NKX2.2, transcriptional regulators of pancreatic endocrine cell fate (Sosa-Pineda et al., 1997; Sussel et al., 1998), and mRNA encoding crucial β-cell factors such as the prohormone processing enzymes PCSK1 (PC1/3) and PCSK2 (PC2), KATP channel components KCNJ11 (KIR6.2) and ABCC8 (SUR1), and glucokinase (GCK) (Figure 4D).