Moreover, other groups also described elevated levels of IL-1β or IL-1β/TNF-α induced molecules like IL-1ra, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, G-CSF, and Cxcl10 (IP-10) in the CSF of NMO patients, compared to the CSF of patients with multiple sclerosis or other neurological diseases[7,42]. Here, TNF is linked to neuromyelitis optica.