Autophagy impairment leads to accumulation of autophagosomes, which can be detected by immunohistochemistry for autophagy proteins LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3) and p62/SQSTM1; we have recently shown that immunostaining for either LC3 or p62 can replace electron microscopy in the diagnosis of drug-induced autophagic vacuolar myopathies [18,22]. Here, SQSTM1 is linked to X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy.