This proves the main role of JAK/STAT signaling pathway in the upregulation of the expression of target genes that are involved in proliferation, survival, and differentiation of hNPCs.16, 38 Some of the genes that are upregulated by IFNβ are Fas (associated with NPC survival), NRG2 (involved in neuron growth), and FGF2 (associated with NPC self-renewal).39–41 Upregulation of these genes by IFNβ causes oligodendrocyte differentiation and helps to repair damaged neurons.16, 38. This evidence concerns the gene IFNB1 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.