GFAP and infection: Astrocytes, the stellar shape cells, are abundant cells within the central nervous system (CNS) with a population fivefold that of neurons.1 They could be activated and can exert different functions on neurons in pathologic circumstances like trauma, infection, hypoxia, ischemia, and brain injuries.2 Reactive alterations in the astrocytes including, hypertrophia, hyperplasia, and glial filaments (glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP), are accumulations within the cells.