Lithium 2.5–5 mM (2–5 times human therapeutic concentrations) for 3 days reduced apoptotic nuclear fragmentation in both COS-7 African green monkey kidney cells and SKNSH human neuroblastoma cell lines transfected with mutant Htt (exon 1 fragment with 74 CAG repeats), thought to be mediated by GSK-3β inhibition since similar effects were observed with the GSK-3β inhibitor SB216763 and GSK-3β knockdown [38]. The gene discussed is HTT; the disease is neuroblastoma.