In addition to presumably microbial product-associated diseases such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a murine model of multiple sclerosis [74], the involvement of TLR4 has also been reported in apparently noninfectious disorders such as neuropathic pain caused by transection of the spinal nerves [75] and ischemic brain injury [76], [77]. This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.