RPPH1 and neoplasm: Interestingly the largest fold change was not for a protein-coding gene but an antisense gene called RPPH1.1 (Ensembl ID ENSG00000259001) that appears not to be expressed in the tumour but exhibits an RPKM of 13,194 in the bronchial epithelium; this gene is antisense to PARP2. Expression of PARP2 itself shows only modest differences between our samples (62 RPKM in LUDLU-1 and 98 in the normal) but antisense transcripts can regulate their mRNA counterparts post-transcriptionally, most often, though not exclusively, resulting in decreased protein levels [32], [33].