Surprisingly, however, blockade of chemokine receptor signalling using TAK779, AMD3100, anti-CCL5 mAb and pertussis toxin (blocking all Gi coupled receptors) did not prevent chemotaxis of CD4+ T cells from infected WSX-1−/− mice towards infection-derived liver homogenate cells in vitro, suggesting that IL-27(R) inhibits CD4+ T cell migration to the liver via classical chemokine(R)-independent mechanisms. This evidence concerns the gene CCL5 and infection.