In in vitro cell line assays, inhibition of the BRAF V600E/MEK pathway or silencing of BRAF V600E expression could restore the expression of thyroid genes, particularly NIS in thyroid cells (Liu et al. 2007), which provided important therapeutic implications for targeting the BRAF V600E/MAPK pathway to restore thyroid gene expression and radioiodine avidity of radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer. The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is thyroid cancer.