BRAF V600E mutation is the most common genetic alteration in thyroid cancer, particularly papillary thyroid cancer (PTC; Xing 2005), and plays an important role in thyroid tumorigenesis through aberrantly activating the RAS-BRAF-MEK-MAP kinase (MAPK) pathway (Xing 2013). The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is thyroid gland disorder.