HDAC5 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: The abundances of the ncHDAC5 lncRNA and of the HDAC5 protein-coding mRNA were measured in paired tumor and nontumor samples from ten ccRCC patients and are shown in Figure 3A. It is apparent that for the majority of patients (7/9) the expression level of the ncHDAC5 was significantly lower (p <0.05) in tumor than in nontumor tissues (fold change relative to nontumor < 1) (Figure 3A, light blue).