Increased phosphorylation of cyclic AMP (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB) by protein kinase-Υ (PKC-Υ) (Mao et al. 2007) that is co-localised with macrophages and astrocytes in the spinal cord of EAE-rats (Kim et al. 2007) is implicated in neuroinflammation in MS (Kim et al. 2007). The gene discussed is PRRT2; the disease is myeloid sarcoma.