MSCs administered in a murine model of neural injury have been shown to migrate to the lesion, increase oligodendrocyte lineage cells in the lesion and drive the immune response toward a more beneficial Th1/Th2 balance.143 This same response can be recreated by MSC-conditioned medium and has been attributed to the action of HGF secreted by MSCs.29 In 2010, a small study demonstrated the safety and potential benefits of MSC therapy for MS in humans; 10 MS patients received autologous, expanded BM MSCs by intrathecal injection. The gene discussed is HGF; the disease is myeloid sarcoma.