Ferlini et al. (performed a gene array on chromosome 6p21.32 (human leukocyte antigen (HLA) locus) in patients exhibiting venous malformations associated with MS, and found several candidate genes that were altered including heat shock protein (HSP)A1L, HSPA1A, metabotropic glutamate receptor (GRM)4, and growth factor receptor-bound protein 2, an adaptor involved in MAPK signaling Ferlini et al., [132]. Here, HSPA1L is linked to myeloid sarcoma.