ATAD1 and infection: The multiplicity of infection was 4.51 ± 0.35 for msp-1 and 4.84 ± 0.30 for msp-2. Only the codon 51 of Pfdhfr and codon 437 of Pfdhps showed a high mutation rate: I51: 64.4% (57.3; 71.2); G437: 47.4% (40.2; 54.7), respectively.