TNF and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Luteolin was reported to reduce several hallmarks of ALI (LPS-initiated): leukocyte infiltration, histological changes, lung tissue edema, protein extravasation, MPO activity in lung tissue, TNF-α, keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC), IL-6, and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) production, as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and COX-2 expression in the lung [84].