1,389 participants completed the Edinburgh Depression Scale (EDS) in 2005 and were followed until: 1) insulin therapy was started, 2) death, 3) an oral antihyperglycemic drug (OAD) prescription gap >1 year, 4) last OAD prescription in 2010 or 5) the end of the study (December 31, 2010). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is depressive symptom measurement.