VCAM1 and endothelial dysfunction: Moreover, it was revealed that statins can significantly increase the expression of CCN3 (a member of the CCN family of proteins that participate in the regulation of endothelial dysfunction) and inhibit the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and the adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells, via the transcription factor pathway Kruppel-like factor-2 (KLF-2), which results in reduced endothelial inflammation [18].