TNF and Insulin resistance: J. Wang and colleagues (“Improvement of liquid fructose-induced adipose tissue insulin resistance by ginger treatment in rats is associated with suppression of adipose macrophage-related proinflammatory cytokines”) show that treatment with ginger extract reduced fructose-induced insulin resistance in rats by suppression of adipose inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, MPC-1, CCR-2, etc.)and increased phosphorylation of IRS-2.