Knockdown of TANK in U373 cells resulted in strongly impaired constitutive phosphorylation of IRF3 (Figure 7a), a transcription factor that may interfere with glioma proliferation, migration and invasion.36 Consistent with the concept that overexpression of adapter proteins interferes with signaling by preventing stoichiometric assembly of multi-protein signaling complexes,37 also overexpression of TANK resulted in the inhibition of IRF3 phosphorylation (Figure 7b). This evidence concerns the gene IRF3 and glioma.