In the present study, the median copeptin level was 8.6-9.1 pmol/l in non-diabetic individuals, which is comparable to levels described in other population-based studies (ranging from 5.0 pmol/l to 8.2 pmol/l [4,6,7,41]), but 2-10-fold lower than reported in studies investigating severe disorders, such as stroke, myocardial infarction or end stage kidney disease [9,14,42]. This evidence concerns the gene AVP and stroke disorder.