AVP and chronic kidney disease: Copeptin has negative prognostic value for all-cause mortality in severe disorders, such as heart failure [8,30-32], coronary artery disease [33,34], acute myocardial infarction [35] and stroke [17], and end-stage renal disease [14], whereas, to our knowledge, copeptin has not been described as a risk factor for future cardiovascular events in stable patients.