A total of 1,113 AML patients between the ages of 15 and 60 years were randomly assigned to receive GO as part of their induction therapy (daunorubicin and cytarabine; cytarabine, daunorubicin, and etoposide; or fludarabine, cytarabine, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and idarubicin) and a total of 948 AML patients of the same age group were randomized to GO with or without consolidation therapy (amsacrine, cytarabine, and etoposide or high-dose cytarabine). This evidence concerns the gene CSF3 and acute myeloid leukemia.