Given that the CD38+CCR4− CD4+ effector T cell subset is likely thus to represent recently activated CD4+ effectors that would not respond to chemoattractants (CCL22) secreted by ovarian tumor cells, this result suggests that in patients, emergent ovarian cancer may promote firstly an influx of CD4 Tregs rather than effector cells. The gene discussed is CD38; the disease is ovarian neoplasm.