AR and prostate carcinoma: If for example effects in AR and TGFβR positive stroma cells are of importance for mediating a full response to castration it should be noted that they are lacking in the bone metastasis stroma [84], and studies in patients (see above) and animal models of prostate cancer suggest that the response to castration is considerably more prominent in primary tumors than in metastases and that some metastases may actually be stimulated rather than inhibited by this type of treatment [95].