CSF2 and neoplasm: Indeed, we have recently demonstrated that ret transgenic mice with clinically visible tumors contained an enhanced concentration of various chronic inflammatory factors including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, GM-CSF, and IFN-γ as well as immunosuppressive leucocytes such as MDSCs and Tregs in the tumor microenvironment and peripheral lymphoid organs [37,38,39,40].