PLAU and prostate carcinoma: In a study investigating the role of angiogenic factors secreted by prostate cancer cells with a view to explore the molecular mechanism by which DIM inhibits angiogenesis and invasion, Kong et al. [60] reported that DIM could inhibit angiogenesis and invasion by reducing the bioavailability of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) via repressing extracellular matrix-degrading proteases, such as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA).