TNF and colonic neoplasm: Even after the mice developed multiple colon tumors arising from the combined treatment with AOM and DSS, the treatment with a TNF antagonist, Etanercept, remarkably reduced the numbers and sizes of tumors and attenuated intracolonic infiltration by inflammatory cells, particularly neutrophils and macrophages together with a reduction in COX-2 mRNA expression and COX-2 expressing cell numbers [62] (Figure 4).