EGF and exocrine pancreatic carcinoma: But in later stage development, growth factors and their receptors (EGF, nerve growth factor, gastrin, bombesin), proangiogenic factors (VEGF, FGF, PDGF) and invasive factors (metalloproteinases, E-cadherin, beta integrin, urokinase and tissue plasminogen activators) lead to progression and metastasis of pancreatic carcinoma [159].