HIF1A and pancreatic neoplasm: To define further targets of NT in pancreatic cancer cells, whole-genome gene expression analysis was performed using Lys8-ψ-Lys9NT (8–13)-treated BxPC-3 cells and, most interestingly, induction of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and upregulation of genes implicated in glycolytic metabolism was observed although cells were incubated under normoxic conditions.