Specifically, Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NRF2 or NFE2L2), a transcription factor regulating the expression of numerous antioxidant/detoxifying enzymes, and one of its down-stream target genes superoxide dismutase-2 mitochondrial (SOD2) [45] resulted significantly up-regulated in our CKD-PD population. Here, SOD2 is linked to chronic kidney disease.