Although LPS and intracellular mycobacteria infection can induce Arg1 in a MyD88/IL-10 dependent manner [21], [23], we can exclude that TbKHC1 is simultaneously a ligand for SIGN-R1 and a trigger for MyD88 signaling in our extracellular infection model since the differential infection phenotype between WT and TbKHC1 KO T. brucei was conserved in Myd88 KO mice (data not shown). This evidence concerns the gene IL10 and infection.