While transfected DVGs induced stronger expression of Ifnb than an equivalent concentration of gSeV (Fig. 2A), transfection of equivalent molar amounts of genomic and DVG RNA resulted in higher immunostimulatory activity of genomic RNA compared to DVG RNA (Fig. 2B), demonstrating that SeV LD RNA can strongly trigger the host response to infection when delivered naked into the cells. This evidence concerns the gene IFNB1 and infection.