MAVS and infection: Supporting previous observations that DVGs from SeV stimulate the cellular antiviral response through signaling by RIG-I like receptors (RLRs) [1], [23], [24], the essential RLR adaptor protein mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) was required for the activation of the transcription factors IRF3 and NF-κB and for expression of numerous antiviral and pro-inflammatory molecules upon infection with SeV Cantell HD.