These mechanisms of Wnt/β-catenin antagonism are completely dependent on VDR expression, as they are not observed in VDR-negative human colon cancer cells (SW480-R and SW620) or in VDR-positive cells (SW480-ADH) in which VDR expression has been repressed by Snail1 or Snail2 overexpression or by shRNA technology [35,38,39,40,41,42]. The gene discussed is AVP; the disease is colonic neoplasm.