Results of these studies shown in Figure 4 indicate that adding the active metabolite 1,25(OH)2D3 to GM-CSF and IL-4 doubles the number of dendritic cells that differentiate from immune inhibitory CD34+ progenitor cells from the peripheral blood of HNSCC patients (Figure 4 data previously not published) [41,42]. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.